Arthritis is a general term for conditions that affect the joints, causing pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced movement. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones breaks down, leading to inflammation and difficulty moving. While arthritis can affect anyone, it is more common as people age.
There are several types of arthritis, but the most common include:
1. Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and typically affects older adults. It occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints wears away over time, leading to pain and swelling. OA commonly affects the knees, hips, and hands and can make movement difficult due to stiffness and discomfort.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium (the lining of the joints), causing inflammation, pain, and eventual joint damage. RA typically affects joints on both sides of the body, such as wrists, knees, and fingers, and can lead to severe deformities if not treated properly.
3. Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is associated with the skin condition psoriasis. It causes joint inflammation, swelling, and pain, often in the fingers and toes, and can lead to stiffness. Psoriatic arthritis may also cause skin rashes, nail changes, and other systemic symptoms.
4. Gout
Gout is caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden, severe pain and swelling. This type of arthritis typically affects the big toe but can also impact other joints. Gout attacks can be triggered by certain foods, alcohol, or dehydration.
5. Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, leading to pain and stiffness. Over time, it can cause the vertebrae to fuse together, which can severely limit movement. It is more common in men and often starts in early adulthood.
6. Lupus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is another autoimmune disorder that can cause arthritis as one of its symptoms. In lupus, the immune system attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation, joint pain, and stiffness, along with other symptoms like fatigue and skin rashes.
7. Juvenile Arthritis
Juvenile arthritis refers to arthritis that affects children under the age of 16. There are several forms of juvenile arthritis, but the most common is juvenile idiopathic arthritis, which causes inflammation in the joints and can result in growth problems and disabilities if not treated.
Each type of arthritis can have different causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Understanding the specific type is crucial for managing the condition and improving quality of life.
Each type of arthritis can have different causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Understanding the specific type is crucial for managing the condition and improving quality of life.
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